What is this?
An electric shock occurs when electric current passes through the body. In a UK home, this is most commonly caused by touching a faulty appliance, a damaged cable, or a live component in a socket or switch. The severity depends on the current, duration, and path through the body. Even a brief shock from the 230V mains supply can be fatal if the current passes through the heart.
Common causes
- Touching a faulty appliance with an earth fault
- Inserting fingers or objects into a damaged socket
- Touching exposed wiring from a damaged cable or fitting
- Using electrical equipment with wet hands or in wet conditions
- Missing or failed earth connection on a metal-cased appliance
Is it dangerous?
This is a medical emergency. Electric shock can cause cardiac arrest, burns, muscle damage, and internal injuries that may not be immediately apparent. Even if the person appears fine, they should always seek medical attention after a mains voltage shock. Delayed cardiac arrhythmias can occur hours after the shock.
Can I fix it myself?
First, ensure the power source is off — turn off the main switch or unplug the appliance. Do not touch the person if they are still in contact with the electrical source. If they are unconscious or not breathing, call 999 and begin CPR. If they are conscious, do not let them move around — keep them still and call for medical help. Even a person who feels fine should attend A&E or call 111 for advice, as delayed effects are possible.
When to call an electrician
After the medical emergency has been dealt with, call an electrician to inspect the source of the shock. The appliance or part of the installation that caused the shock must be identified, isolated, and repaired before it can be used again. The electrician should also verify that the RCD protection is working correctly, as a functioning RCD should have prevented a sustained shock.
What will an electrician do?
Identify the source of the electric shock (appliance, socket, wiring)
Test the RCD to determine why it did not prevent the shock
Check the earthing system for the property, as many shocks result from poor earthing
Test the faulty appliance or circuit for insulation and earth continuity faults
Repair or replace the faulty component and any failed protective devices
Carry out an EICR if the shock suggests wider installation deficiencies
Typical cost
£100 – £300
Investigation of the shock source and repair. If the RCD or earthing system needs upgrading, costs will be higher. A full EICR is £200–£350 if recommended.
